MBA知识库——华慧教育_网络教育平台

reign v.

同义：govern, rule, prevail

词组：reign over统治

词性：n.

谚语：Better to ~ in hell than serve in heaven.宁做地狱王，不当天堂仆。（或宁为鸡首，不为牛后）

reinforce

同义：increase, strengthen

反义：undermine

派生：reinforcement n.增援，加强。More legislation will lead to a ~ of existing prejudices制定更多的法律只会加深现有的偏见。

例句：If, on the other hand, the feelings they begin to express are not recognized and reinforced by the adults around them, they not only cease to express those feelings but they also become less able to recognize them in themselves or others .另一方面，小孩开始表达感情时，若没有受到周围成人的肯定和鼓励，他们不但会停止继续表达，而且对自己或他人情感的感受力也会降低。

relate

同义：tell, narrate, connect, link

词组：

1. relate to ….有良好关系，与…..协调

2．relate with ….将….与….联系起来

派生：

1. relation n.关系，联系；亲属，亲戚。We are planning with ~ to the future.我们在拟订关于未来的计划。/a poor~穷亲戚

2. relative n.亲戚，亲属；a 比较的，相对的；有关的，相关的。They are living in ~ comfort.他们现在生活得比较舒适。He studied physics and ~ subjects他研究物理及相关学科。

3. relativity n.相关性；相对论。Einstein is the creator of the special and general theories of ~ 爱因斯坦是狭义相对论和广义相对论的创始人。

07.10.9

relay

同义：carry , deliver, pass, transfer

练习：It seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to pleasing and flattering comment

A. relay B. deliver C. relegate D. stimulate

练习答案：选A。译文：人们没有做出更多的努力来转达令人高兴和愉快的话语，真是太遗憾了。此题考查词语辨析。deliver送；relegate委托；stimulate刺激。

词性：n. 接替的一组人，替换队：New ~ s of men were sent to fight the flood.一批又一批的士兵被派去同洪水搏斗。The children at our school have to be fed in two ~s .本校学童只得分两批进餐。

relevant

同义：applicable, suitable, fitting

反义：irrelevant

词组：relevant to 与……有关联的

派生：relevance n.有关，恰当，切题；重大关系，意义，实用性。The university, having aspiration to ~, has made much of sociology 这所大学因对社会实用性抱很大期望，所以非常重视社会学

relieve

同义：release, ease, help, assist

反义：intensify

派生：relief n.缓解，减轻，解除，宽心，宽慰；救济，解救；解除职务，换班。The doctor’s immediate aim is the ~ of pain,医生第一步要做到的是解除痛苦。The reinforcements were sent to the ~ of a besieged town增援部队被派去解救世主被围困的城镇。the ~ of the commander general总司令的解职。The nurse’s ~ will come soon.接班的护士马上就来了。

07.10.10

remark v

同义：comment, note, observe

反义：disregard, ignore

词组：remark on /about,……评论，谈论…

词性：n.

派生：remarkable a 值得注意的，非凡的，卓越的。 Her achievement was the more ~ in that she had come from such a poor family考虑到她如此贫寒的出身，她的成就就显得愈加不凡

词组：remarkable for….因….而出众

例句：People who have no particular curiosity may be sometimes attracted to notice the stars when they are particularly bright; those who look frequently will remark that the same star does not rise exactly in the same place for two successive。当空中的星星特别亮时，一般人有时也能被吸引而注意到这些星星；那些经常观察星星的人却会觉察到，同一颗星在连续两个夜晚并不在同一个地方出现。

remember

同义：recall

反义：forget

词组：

1. remember as 记得（某人或某物）是（原来的样子）：I shall always remember her as a slim young girl 我总记得她是一个纤弱的小女孩。

2. remember in

a. 在（某事）中忆及（某人或物）

b. 在遗嘱中把财产留给某人：It is surprising that the old man remembered a stranger in his will很奇怪老人在遗嘱中将财产留给一个陌生人

1． remember to 代（某人）向（某人）问好，致意：Be sure to remember me to Smith if you happen to see him in Chicago。你要是在芝加哥碰到史密斯，一定代我向他问好

2． remember of .

a. 提醒不使（某人）忘记（某事）：I remembered Tom of his promise 我提醒汤姆，让他不要忘记他的许诺

b. 使（某人）想起（某物或某人）：His letter remembers me of the time when we were together.他的信使我想起了我们一起度过的时光。

c. 某人显得像另一人，由一人而想起另一人：The way he behaves when he’s angry remembers me of his father.他生气时的言行使我想起了他的父亲。

render

同义：make, provide, deliver

词组：

1. render an account of 对…..作说明

2. render a service to 帮助…..

3. render down炼油

4. render into翻译

5. render up移交或交出某物，屈服

练习：An accident has him helpless

A. reinforced B. rendered C. regulated D. registered

练习答案：选B。译文：一件意外使他束手无策，此题考查词语辨析。reinforce加强；regulate控制；register注册

07.10.11

renovate

同义：renew, restore, reform, innovate

练习：They claim they can worn shoes.

A. revise B. restore C. renovate D. recover

练习答案：选C。译文：他们宣称可以翻新旧鞋。此题考查词语辨析。revise修订（计划）等；restore 恢复；recover重新找到。

派生：renovation n.修复，整修；革新，更新。 an ancient house under ~ 一幢翻修中的古宅。

represent

同义：symbolize, characterize, express, describe, illustrate, stand for

词组：

1． represent ….as….把….描述为….

2． represent to ….向….表示，交涉

派生：

1. representation n.代表，代理；表示，表述，表现。 Our firm has adequate ~ in Europe ,我们公司在欧洲有足够的代理机构。

2. representative n.代表，代理人a ~ of the workers on the board 董事会的工人代表

词组：be representative of 代表…

reproach

同义：blame, accuse, condemn

反义：praise

词组：

1. above/beyond reproach十全十美

2. reproach for/with ….因……而责备…..

练习：They us for our lack of interest in the business

A. charge B. accuse C. reproach D. revenge

练习答案：选C。译文：他们责备我们对生意缺乏兴趣。此题为词语辨析题。charge意为指控；accuse意为指控；revenge意为报仇。

07.10.12

resent

同义：dislike, hate

反义：assent, like, praise

词组：resent doing ……怨恨….

派生：

1. resentful a .充满忿恨的，表示忿恨的。 a ~ temper火爆性子/~remarks怨言气话

2. resentment n.忿恨，怨恨bear ~ against sb.对某人怀恨/popular~ 民怨

reserve v

同义：keep, store, book

词组：reserve for….留作….之用，替…..保留

词性：n.

练习：The farmer kept a of food in case he was cut off by snow during the winter

A. resolve B. reserve C. reservoir D. respect

练习答案：选B。译文：这个家民储备了一批食物以防冬天大雪将他与世隔绝。此题考查词语辨析。resolve决心；reservoir水库；respect尊敬。

派生：

1. reservation n.保留，保留意见；预订，预订的房间（或坐席）。Many people who formerly backed him now have ~ s .许多以前支持他的人现在都持保留态度。/a ~ office(clerk)订票处（员）

2. reserved a. 留作专用的，有所保留的；拘谨缄默的。~ money 储备金/a ~ seat in a theatre 剧院中的保留座位/He is ~, seldom showing his own thoughts.他为人缄默寡言，很少表露自己的想法。

resign

同义：quit, submit, give up

词组：

1. resign to 托交

2. resign oneself顺从，听从

派生：resignation n.辞职，放弃；辞职书，辞呈；听任，屈从。submit a formal letter of ~ 正式提交辞呈/say in ~ 无可奈何

07.10.13

resolve v.

同义：decide, determine, settle

反义：hesitate

词组：

1. resolve into

a. 分析；分解为（部分）：The prism resolved the light into the colors of the spectrum三棱镜将光分解成颜色纷呈的光谱。

b. 转变；化成：The house of Commons resolved itself into a committee,下议院改组为一全院委员会

2. resolve on 经思考后决定：They have resolved on a better course of action 他们已决定采取一项更为妥善的行动方针。

3. resolve to do /be resolved to do …..决定做….

词性：n

派生：

1. resolute a ,坚决的，坚定的，不屈不挠的。stand ~ against the enemy坚决抗敌

2. resolution n.决心，决定，决议a New Year’s ~ to diet 新年伊始节食的决心

restore

同义：renew, resume, regain

反义：remove, ruin, deteriorate

词组：

1. restore in 让某人重新相信某人或物是有力的，有效的：These measures have helped to restore a belief in our capacity to manage affairs这些措施使得我们对处理问题的能力重又增添了信心

2. restore to

a. 将（某物）归还给，送回给（某人）：He was obliged to restore the money to its owner他被迫将钱还给原主

b. 重建，修理，装饰某物以恢复昔日状态：The gardens have been restored to their former grandeur.这些花园已恢复了昔日的辉煌

c. （在某地）恢复秩序等：It took him only three weeks to restore the port to working order.他仅用了三周就使港口恢复了工作秩序。

d. 恢复失去的（职位和职务）等：The officials freed under the amnesty have been restored to their posts 大赦中获释的官员们已官复原职。

retrain

同义：control, suppress, restrict, withhold, refrain

辨析：prevent, restrain

1. prevent意为防止，防汛：We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything

2. restrain意为制止，抑制，有时指用劝告性的方式加以阻止；I cannot restrain my tears when I heard the news

反义：incite

词组：restrain sb. from doing.阻止某人做某事

练习：The policeman the man from hitting a cat.

A. restrained B. refrained C. controlled D. forbade

练习答案：选A。译文：警察阻止那男子打一只猫。此题为词语辨析题。refrain表示抑制自己不做某事，而restrain既可表示抑制自己，也可来阻止他人做某事

派生：restraint n.抑制，克制；控制，限制。need for continued price ~ 继续限价的必要性

07.10.14

retain

同义：keep, preserve, hold, maintain

反义：abandon

例句：Public health officials point to infectious diseases that are inexplicably on the rise, such as pneumonia and septicemia in the U.S. All of this is an argument for retaining diagnostic labs with trained virologists and microbiologists.公共健康机构的官司员们指出感染性疾病在不知不觉中上升，例如，美国的肺言和败血症。所有的这些都是要保留受过训练的病毒学家和微生物学家的诊断实验室的理由。

reveal

同义：disclose, uncover, show, display, demonstrate

辨析:1.display意为呈现，陈列，展览。Children’s paintings are displayed on the wall

2.expose意为揭露，使…..暴露，使……暴光。Their plot was finally exposed

3．reveal意为提示，显示，暴露，常指使人知道了隐藏的秘密或看到某人的品质和企图等。She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter

反义：conceal, hide

revenge

同义：avenge, get even with

词组：

1． revenge sb.为某人报仇

2． take revenge on sb.向某人报仇

3． be revenged on sb.向某人复仇

练习：The man told the manager he would get his on the company for dismissing him

A. revenge B. wrath C. indignation D. punishment

练习答案：选A。译文：这个人告诉经理说由于开除了他，他要为此报复。此题考查词语辨析。get one’s revenge on sb.为固定用法。wrath意为暴怒；indignation意为愤怒；punishment意为惩罚。

07.10.15

sacrifice

同义：lose, surrender, yield

词组：

1. make sacrifices 做出牺牲

2. offer (up) a sacrifice献上祭品

3. sell(something)at a sacrifice贱卖；亏本出售

4. to sacrifice for (to)为….而牺牲

salute

词组：

1. take the salute 接受敬礼，还礼

2. give a salute敬礼

3. boom a salute放礼炮

4. to salute with eyes行注目礼

练习：We the flag at school everyday

A. greet B. salute C. hail D. wave

练习答案：选B。译文：我们在学校里每天都向国旗敬礼。本题是近义词辨析题。这一词组都有致意的含义，但greet 为一般用语，指日常人们见面时彼此招呼，以示问候，有时指热情地迎接客人;salute为正式用语，表示敬礼，鸣礼炮，升旗等；hail指从远处招呼他人公引起注意，也指用欢乐的呼喊来迎接问候他人；wave是挥动手臂向对方示意

scare

同义：frighten, shock, alarm, horrify

词性：n.惊吓，恐惧：You did give me a ~.你可真把我吓了一跳

词组：

1． scare sb. stiff把某人吓呆

2． be scared to death(out of one’s wits)吓得要死

3． throw a scare into sb.吓坏某人

练习：You did give me a .

A. scar B. scare C. scarce D. scary

练习答案：选B。译文：你可真把我吓了一跳。本题是形近词辨析题。scar指伤疤；scare作名词，指惊吓；scarce是形容词，缺乏的，不中的；scary也是形容词，表示引起惊慌的

07.10.16

scold

同义：blame

词组：

1． scold (at )sb .斥责某人

2． scold sb. for sth .因某事责骂某人

练习：I hate to at you, son, but, you mustn’t stay out so late at night!

A. blame B. condemn C. reproach D. scold

练习答案：选D。译文：我不喜欢骂你，孩子，不过你不该这么晚才回家！本题是近义词辨析题。blame责备，主要指追究责任；condemn谴责，在此题四个选项中，该词词不达意气最重；reproach是指责，内疚的意思，但它指的是捻的心情，而非生气；scold是厉声地责骂的。

scorn v.

同义：defy, despise, depreciate

反义：favor, respect, appreciate

词性：n.

词组：laugh sb ./ sth. to scorn嘲笑某人（某事）

派生：scornful a.轻蔑的，嘲笑的。He was no longer ~ of the desk job.他不再鄙视案头文书工作了。

scrap n.

同义：fragment, rag, chip

反义：whole

词性：v.

例句：A report says that the 13 million cars scrapped annually in Europe, including about 1.3 million in Britain, are creating a mountain of polluting waste plastics, rubber, oils and glass,据报道，每年欧洲有1300万辆汽车被废弃，包括英国的130万辆，这些正在形成一个由塑料，橡胶，石油和玻璃组成的污染废物山。

07.10.17

scrape

同义：rub, erase, scratch

词组：

1．~ through 艰难地生活；勉强通过：I just ~ d through my exams this summer.今年夏天我考试勉强及格。

2. ~ up(或together)(艰难地)凑集，积攒，拼凑：~ the amount up by borrowing from friends 靠向朋友借钱凑齐那笔钱

练习：It might be better to soak that burnt pan than to it

A. scratch B. scrape C. scrap D. slit

练习答案：选B。译文：烧焦的锅最好用水把它泡透而不要去刮它。本题即是近义词辨析题，又是形近词辨析题。A，B，D为近义词：B，C为形近词。scrape刮，擦,scratch用爪刨；scrap是名词碎片；slit切开，撕开。根据题意，此处选scrape最适当。scrape through擦过，勉强通过。

scratch v.

同义：scrape, rub

词性： n

词组：

1. from~ 从零开始，白手起家：learn a foreign language from~从头开始学一门外语/start one’s business from~白手起家办企业

2. ~ up (或together)(艰难地)凑集，，拼凑：I’ll manage to ~ some money up somehow我总要想法凑起一些钱来

谚语：Scratch my back and I will ~ yours.你捧我，我就捧你。（或你帮助我，我也帮助你）

secure a

同义：safe, protected, sure, reliable

反义：dangerous

词性：v

练习：We finally managed to the committee’s approval of our plans

A. secure B. acquire C. execute D. shatter

练习答案：选A。译文：我们最后终于设法得到了委员会对我们计划的支持。本题既是近义词辨析题，又是形近词辨析题。secure是指通过努力而艰难地得到由句中manage to 一词也可佐证secure为最佳答案；acquire 获得；execute处死；shatter粉碎，毁坏。

派生：security n.安全，安全感。Children count on their parents for love and ~ 孩子们靠父母给他们爱和安全感。

07.10.18

sense

词组：

1. bring sb. to his ~ s 使某人恢复理性，使某人醒悟过来：Time will bring you to your ~s 时光会使你明白过来的

2. come to one’s ~ s 恢复理性，醒司过来：Don’t act so foolishly. Come to your ~ s 。别那么丢人现眼了，清醒过来吧！

3. in a (或one )~从某种意义上说：I think he may be right in a ~ .我想，在某种意义上，他可能是对的。

4. make ~讲得通，有毅义，言之成理：It makes ~ to take care of your health注意身体健康是明智的。

练习：His letter was so confused that I could hardly make any of it at all

A. interpretation B. meaning C. message D. sense

练习答案：选D。译文：他的来信如此混乱，以致我完全不明白它的意思。本题为近义词辨析题。interpretation解释，阐明；meaning 意义，为常用语，不与make搭配；message消息；sense意义，意思；make sense of 弄懂……的意思

词性：v

派生：

1. sensitive a.敏感的，容易生气的，神经过敏的。She is ~ to criticism.她对别人的批评很敏感。/a ~ heart敏感的心

2. sentimental a.充满柔情的；多愁善感的，感伤的。I got a bit ~ remembering the old days我一想到往昔岁月就会有些感伤

sensible

同义：sensitive

练习：I think Jack is a man and would not have done foolish things like that

A. sensitive B. sensible C. unusual D. savage

练习答案：选B。译文：我认为杰克是个明智的人，不会做那样的蠢事。本题应根据上下文意思来选择正确答案。句中have done foolish things like that很重要。sensitive常与介词to 连用，表示敏感的，灵敏的；sensible明智的；unusual 与众不同的，非凡的；savage野蛮的。

serve

同义：help, assist, supply, furnish

词组：

1.~ sb. right给某人以应得的惩罚：That will ~ the brats right.那将使那些顽童受到惩罚。/It ~s him right!他活该！

2.serve sb. out (for sth )(为某事)向某人报复

3．serve as 作为，用作：He serves as a clerk in a bank.他在一家银行当办事员

派生：service n.服务，效劳；[~s]服务性工作，服务性事业；商业性服务机构，公共设施；售后服务，维修 v .为….服务；检修，保养。She is keen to participate in any form of ~ to the community她渴望参加各种为社区服务的活动。

07.10.19

shade

反义：sun, light

词组：in the shade 在阴凉处；逊色

练习：It is very hot in the sun .Come and sit in the .

A. shadow B. shade C. shave D. shape

练习答案：选B。译文：太阳下面太热了，过来坐在树阴下。本题既是词义辨析题，又是形近词辨析题。shadow阴影，指物体挡住光所形成的影子；shade阴，阴处，如：sit in /under the shade of tree 坐在树阴下；shave 修面，如：have a shave 请人刮脸；shape形，形状。

派生：shady a.成荫的，多荫的；可疑的，靠不住的。This corner of the garden is pleasantly~,花园的这个角落阴凉怡人。

shame

同义：disgrace, dishonor, humiliation

反义：honor, glory

词性：v

派生：shameful a.可耻的，丢脸的；不道德的，下流的。 ~conduct 可耻行为/a ~ sight 猥亵景象

share

同义：division, portion

反义：whole

词组：

1． fall to sb’s share 由某人承担，归某人享有

2． go shares 分离，分担

3． on shares 分摊盈亏

07.10.20

sheer

同义：pure, absolute

练习：Out of revenge he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation

A. perfect B. total C. sheer D. integral

练习答案：选C。译文：他拼命地说她的坏话，毁坏她的名誉，完全是为了报复。本题是难词辨析题。应根据句意做出正确判断。sheer完全，纯然，一般只作定语加强名词的语气；perfect 完美的，与句中worst相矛盾；total整体的，全部的，作定语表示程度；integral构成整体必须的。

shield

同义：safeguard, protect, shelter

反义：expose

练习：People usually wear dark glasses to eyes from the glare of the sun

A. shield B. save C. shelter D. defend

练习答案：选A。译文：人们常常通过戴墨镜来保护眼睛免受刺目阳光的照射。本题是近义词辨析题。其中A，C意义最相近，应注意区别。shield 保护，防护，指用防护物或像防护物一类的东西来防护save是抢救的意思;shelter庇护；掩蔽，主要是指提供庇护场所；defend 保卫；保守。

shift

同义：change, substitute

练习：The service has established 30 stations throughout the country, while 10 stations specially serve the countryside

A. mobile B. shifting C. drifting D. rotating

练习答案：选A。译文：这家服务机构在全国建立了30个站，同时有10个流动站是专门为农村服务。mobile活动的，机动的，指能够容易地并迅速地从一个地方移动到另一个地方；shifting(本身)在移动的，流动的，含有随意，捉摸不定的味道;drifting漂流的；rotating旋转的。

07.10.21

slack

同义：loose, slow, inactive, dull, lazy

反义：tight, tense

练习：The new teacher was shocked at the discipline in the class.

A. strict B. slack C. slight D. sly

练习答案：选B。译文：新老师对班上的纪律松弛感到吃惊。本题中A，B为一对反义词，应根据上下文做出选择。strict严格的；slack宽松的，不严的；slight(程度)轻微的；sly狡猾的。

slender

同义：thin, narrow, frail, slight

辨析：thin, slim, slender

1. thin ~ 一般用词，意为瘦的，单薄的。You should eat more; you are too thin

2. slim意为苗条的，纤细的(尤指女人与儿童的身材)。Many girls dream of becoming slim

3. slender意为苗条的，高挑的，细长的。She has a beautiful slender body

slim

同义：slender, thin, slight

反义：stout

练习：Since you’re trying to , you mustn’t eat bread, biscuits or cakes

A slim B. slender C. thin D. slight

练习答案：选A。译文：由于你想减肥，就不能吃面包，饼干和蛋糕。本题应根据词性来选择，只有A可用作动词，其余三个词只能作形容词。slim v.减轻体重；slender苗条的；thin 薄的，瘦的；slight细小的。

07.10.22

slope

同义：lean, tilt, incline

反义：level

练习：If you roll a ball up a it will roll down again

A. slope B. slum C. snack D. porch

练习答案：选A。译文：如果你将球滚上一个斜坡。它又会滚下来。本题是难词辨析题。应根据上下文的意思选择正确的答案。slope 斜坡，坡面；slum贫民窟；snack快餐，点心；porch门廊。

soak

同义：dip, immerse

反义：dry

词组：

1. soak up 吸收

2. soak in 渗入

sober

同义：abstemious, abstinent, cool

反义：drunken

练习：He’s perfectly ; he can drive the car.

A. awake B. sober C. slim D. triumphant

练习答案：选B。译文：他清醒得很，能开车。本题是近义词辨析题。A，B为近义词，C，D为干扰项awake(睡觉)醒着；sober清醒的(未醉)；slim苗条；triumphant得胜的，得意的。

07.10.23

spark

同义：flash, gleam, glimmer, sparkle

谚语：A single~ can start a prairie fire。星星之火，可以燎原。

例句：This success also means that human cloning could be easier, and happen sooner, than many scientists expected – a prospect certain to spark debate on the ethics of tampering with the sanctity of life这一成功也意味着克隆人可能比许多科学家预料的更容易一些，更快一些。这种前景肯定会引起伦理学上篡改生命神圣性的辩论

specify

同义：define, designate

派生：

1. specific a .明确的，具体的；特定的，特有的。have a ~ aim有明确的目标/You say your home is in the South. Can you be a bit more ~?你说你的家在南方，你能说得更具体一点吗？

2. specification n.详述；常作~s 规格，工程设计书，详细计划书，说明书。 The only ~ was that the women should not be employed in the mine.惟一具体的规定是矿上不得雇用妇女。

split

同义：divide, separate

辨析：split, break, crack, snap

1. split被撕裂，裂开，常指服装，木材等裂开

2. break断裂，常指完整的东西被打破了或断裂了

3. crack爆裂，破裂，常用于硬的，易碎的或空心的东西，常伴有突然的，刺耳的声音

4. snap突然打断，指迅速地，干脆利落地折断，尤指折断脆弱或者易损坏的东西，常伴有刺耳的声音。

07.10.24

sponsor

同义：backer, promoter, financier, supporter

例句：At first sight, it appears obvious that any simple, reliable method of convicting guilty people is valuable, but recent research sponsored by the U.S. Office of Public Heath not only raises doubts about how lie detectors should be used but also makes it questionable whether they should be employed at all .初看起来，凡以证明犯罪者有罪的任何一种简单可靠的方法似乎都是有价值的，然而美国公共卫生局新近主持进行的研究不仅对应该如何使用测谎器提出了怀疑，而且对到底该不该使用测谎器也打了个问号。

spur

同义：urge, provoke, stimulate, activate

反义：curb, discourage

词组：on the ~ of the moment 一时冲动之下，未经仔细考虑地：He acted on the ~ of the moment without thought of the future,他全凭一时冲动行事，不曾考虑到将来

练习

1.The teacher his students to practice speaking English as much as possible

A. spurts B. stings C. spurs D. stimulus

练习答案：选C。译文：老师鼓励他的学生尽可能多练习讲英语。此题A，C为形近词，B，C，D为近义词。spurt 一鼓作气；突然奋起；sting 刺痛，无比喻意；stimulus刺激，刺激物，名词，不能作谓语。

squeeze

同义：press

词组：

1. put a squeeze on sb.对某人施加压力；压榨某人

2. squeeze out榨出；挤出；把…..排挤出去

练习：The bus was full but he managed to in

A. press B. squeeze C. crush D. fill

练习答案：选B。译文：公汽已装满了乘客，但他还是设法挤了进去。本题是近义词辨析题。press只表示压，不能表示抗日；crush压碎，击溃；fill in 填入，填上，如：fill in your name on the application form 在申请表上填上你的名字。

stab

同义：sting, strike, thrust

辨析：assassinate, pierce, prick

1. assassinate刺杀，暗杀

2. pierce刺入，刺透，可引申指声音，光线和穿透力强

3. prick在某物上穿孔，可以指被荆棘等物所刺。

词组：

1.a stab in the back暗箭伤人;背叛

2.stab sb. with…….用某物刺某人

07.10.25

stack

同义：pile, heap

词组：

1. stack up against与……较量/竞争

2. stack up (使)排长队；结果，情形是…..

练习：I have of work to do (Which of the following can not be used here?)

A. piles B. heaps C. stacks D. dumps

练习答案：选D。译文：我有一大堆工作要做，本题是近义词辨析题。piles of, heaps of , stacks of 均可表示许多的；相当于lots of ; dump指堆放处，尤指垃圾堆。

staff

同义：group, force, crew, stick, pole, rod

词组：be staffed with 配备有….

练习：All the of this computer company enjoy paid holidays

A. client B. crew C. staff D. gang

练习答案：选C。译文：这家计算机公司的所有职员都享有带薪假期。本题是近义词辨析。client顾客，当事人；crew全体乘务人员，用于指船上或飞机上的工作人员；gang一群人，尤指干体力活或非法活动的一群人。

stain

同义：spot, mark, discolor

练习：The wooden floors of the bar were from years of people’s muddy boots.

A. spotted B. discolored C. stained D. marked

练习答案：选C。译文：酒吧的木地板因多年被沾满污泥的靴子踩踏而玷污了。本题是近义词辨析题。spot指液体干后能留下小污点，如：a page spotted with ink 沾上墨水的一页；stain 指弄脏某物，使之留下一大块难以除去的印迹，如：a carpet stained with wine被酒弄脏的地毯(指酒被打翻后弄脏了一大片，而不是滴了几滴在地毯上)。mark留记号于，一般指有明显的痕迹，不与from搭配使用。

派生：stainless a .无污点的，不锈的：~ steel 不锈钢

07.10.26

stale

同义：smelly, obsolete, worn

反义：fresh

练习：His article is full of expressions that no one is interested in it .

A old B. sour C. stale D. fresh

练习答案：选C。译文：他的文章充满陈词滥调，没人对此感兴趣。本题是近义词辨析题，C，D为反义词，old旧的，老的；old expressions 只是说此表达方式有一定历史，但并不一定陈腐，如：an old saying 俗语；sour酸的；fresh新鲜的。

stick

同义：pierce, stab, penetrate, fasten, attach

反义：part, divide

词组：

1.~ out 伸出；突出；坚持到底；继续反对：The doctor asked him to ~ his tongue out .医生叫他把舌头伸出来

2.~ to 坚持；信守，忠于：~ to one’s stand坚持自己的立场/Her translation ~ s closely to the original.她的翻译非常忠实于原文

派生：sticky a.粘的，粘性的。 ~ sweets 粘牙的糖果/a ~ label 涂有粘胶的标签

stimulate

同义：spur, incite, activate, rouse, provoke

反义：discourage

练习：This medicine will help the function the patient’s organs

A. stimulate B. simulate C. accumulate D. illuminate

练习答案：选A。译文：这种药有助于促进病人的器官功能。本题是形近词辨析题。simulate模仿；accumulate积累illuminate照亮；启发，解释。

派生：stimulation n.兴奋(作用)，刺激(作用)。I find great intellectual ~ in these surroundings.我发现在这种环境里的人智慧变得十分活跃。

07.10.27

stock n

同义：goods, supply

词性：v

同义：share

词组：

1. in ~ 有现货的，有库存的：The store had children’s shoes in ~ ,这家商店有现货童鞋。

2. out of ~无现货的，脱销的

练习：The book you want is at the moment, But we have already ordered another 100 copies .Please come back next week

A. out of sale B. on sale C. out of stock D. in stock

练习答案：选C。译文：你要的书目前已脱销了，但我们又已经定购了100本，请下周再来。本题是词组辨析题，根据句意来判断。on sale 出售的，上市的；指的是出售之中，可以买到；out of stock已脱销；已不在贮存中；in stock现有，备有。

storm

同义：tempest, outburst

反义：calm

词组：

1.a storm in a teacup 小题大做

ride out a storm平安度过

3. take…..by storm强夺；使神魂颠倒

谚语：After a ~a (comes ) a calm雨过天晴。

stress n.

同义：force, strain, pressure, tension

词性：v.

同义：emphasis

词组：lay/place stress on 强调，把重点放在……上

例句：The reader who peruses with some attention the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.读者如果略微仔细地阅读以下几项就会有理由认为，实验操作和思维在物理学中都具有一定的地位，因而不能强调一方面忽略另一方。

07.10.28

stride

同义：step, pace, walk

词组：

1. get into /hit /strike one’s stride开始走上轨道

2. make great strides突飞猛进

练习：Japan has made great in commercial electronics in the past 20 years

A. strides B. steps C. struts D. progresses

练习答案：选A。译文：在这20年，日本在商业电子上突飞猛进。本题考固定搭配。参风常用词组；strut昂首阔步；progress为不可数名词。

strip

同义：remove, deprive, dispossess, skin

辨析：deprive, rob, strip

1. de[rove指夺去必要的，有价值的或称心的东西，多用以指剥夺人的权利等抽象的东西。

2. rob指公然地用暴力抢劫他人的所有物

3. strip指剥去衣服或覆盖物，喻旨全然剥夺

词组：

1. strip A off/from B. strip B of A 从B上剥去A。

2. strip sb. of sth .剥夺某人某物

3. a strip of 狭长的一条……

stuff n.

同义：material, matter, substance

词性：v

同义：fill, pack ,load

派生：stuffy a.不通气的，闷人的；沉闷的，乏味的：I felt oppressed by the ~ atmosphere in that household,那个家庭的沉闷气氛使我感到窒息。

例句：In some areas, such as assisting medical diagnosis, expert systems using conventional logic have been successfully designed, but expertise itself is difficult stuff, Often people cannot quantify how they go about thins. How ever, they can, if pushed, usually describe it .在某些领域，比如辅助医学诊断，具有传统逻辑功能的专家系统已经设计成功。但是专家知识本身是很难处理的。通常人们都是无法精确量化自己的思维过程的。但如果需要，他们能把它形容出来。

07.10.29

subject n.

同义：topic, theme

反义：object

词性：adj

词组：

1. be subject to 受……支配，易于…..的；以…..为条件；取决于…..\

2. subject sb. / sth to sth 使……经历或遭受

练习：This area is to earthquakes

A. subject B. subjective C. subjected D. subjunctive

练习答案：选A。译文：这个地区常发生地震。本题是形近词辨析题，兼考固定搭配。be subject to 隶属于；受…..支配的；易于…..的；可以….的；须经….的；(此处to 为介词)；subjective 主观的；be subjected to 遭到……；服从于…..；强调人为行动使之遭受或服从于…..subjunctive虚拟的；虚拟语气的。

subordinate

同义：inferior, secondary

反义：superior, dominant, prime, leading

练习：The minority is to the majority in decision-making

A. submit B. subordinate C. lower D. adhere

练习答案：选B。译文：在决策时，少数应服从多数。本题为语法题，主要考搭配。submit和adhere都是动词，用在此处不妥。adhere to 坚持固守；lower要与than 搭配使用；be subordinate to 从属于；比…..次要。

substance

同义：material, matter

词组：in substance本质上；基本上；大体上；实际上

派生：substantial a.实在的，真实的；牢固的，结实的；内容充实的，丰盛的，可观的；富裕的，多资财的：The plans were fulfilled and the dream house became a ~ building,计划实现了，梦中的房屋变成了一幢真正的大厦。

07.10.30

substitute

同义：replace, shift, change

词组：substitute A for B.用A 代替B

练习：Honey can be used to for sugar in this recipe

A. substitute B. replace C. displace D. place

练习答案：选A。译文：在这个食谱中，可用蜂蜜代替食糖。本题看似近义词辨析题，实质是考动词和宾语搭配辨析。substitute sth .替换成….;substitute for sth (用别的东西)替换(此物)；replace sth.取代……；displace sth 取代……；place位置

派生：substitution n.代替，代替物。 The ~ of coal for oil is desirable,用煤代替石油是可取的。

subtract

同义：deduct, discount, remove, reduce, decrease

反义：add, augment, increase

词组：subtract A from B.从B 中减去A

派生：subtraction v.减，减法：do addition and ~ 做加减法。

succession

同义：sequence, series, order

反义：interval

词组：

1. in ~ 连续的，接连的：He has been awarded first prize for three years in ~ .他已连续三年获一等奖。

2. in ~ to 接替……的，继承……的：He was appointed director of the club in ~ to Jones who had retired.他被任命接替退休的琼斯担任俱乐部主任。

派生：

1. successive a .连续的，相继的，依次的：~ years of good harvest连年的丰收

2. successor n.接替人，接班人；接着的事物：Mr .Jones is the headmaster’s ~琼斯先生是校长的继任人。

07.10.31

suck

同义：drink, sip

词组：

1. suck sb. in /into sth .将某人卷入(丑闻，争论等)之中(通常为不情愿者)

2. such sb. / sth. under, down, into 把某物吞没

例句：Most astronomers believe that a quasar is a massive black hole at the center of the galaxy, greedily sucking in stars and gas, which become so hot that they give off amounts of energy.绝大多数天文学家认为类星体是位于星系中心的巨大黑洞，它贪婪地吸食星体和气体，这使它变得如此之热而释放出巨大的能量。

supplement

同义：addition, complement

辨析：complement, supplement

1. complement 为正式用语，表示补足所缺的部分可使之成为完整无缺的整体，或为了达到完善而不可缺少的部分或补充：A fine wine is a complement to a good meal

2. supplement为正式用语，表示对已相对完整或完善的事物再加上一些补充而使其更加完善，丰富或提高，改进。The paper covered book of quizzes was a supplement to the class’s mathematics textbook.

词性：v 增补，补充：~ one’s diet with vitamin pills 服用维生素丸以补充平时营养。

词组：

1. supplement to sth .是……补充

2. supplement A with B.用B来增补A。

survive

同义：remain, continue, outlive, outlast

反义：perish

派生：survival n.幸存(者)，残存(物)。The old man is a ~ of a past age, 这老人乃上一个时代的遗老

例句：It may be, however, that the donor and the recipient of this type of behavior share a larger number of genes or gene types than previously had been believed, so that the sacrifice may help the genes held in common with the recipient to survive and multiply.然而，也有这种可能性：做出奉献和接受奉献的动物拥有的相同基因类别的数量比原来人们所认为的要多，从而某些动物做出的奉献可以帮助接受奉献的动物所拥有的相同基因存活并繁衍下来。

07.11.1

suspect v

同义：doubt, distrust, think , guess, suppose

词性：n.

词组：

1. suspect sb. of 怀疑某人犯有过错

2. suspect sb. to be 怀疑某人是…..;猜想某人是….

派生：

1. suspicion n,怀疑。hold sb. in ~对某人持怀疑态度

2. suspicious a.可疑的；多疑的；疑心的：There were ~ circumstances about his death.关于他的死亡有些值得怀疑的情况。feel ~ of (或about)sth .对某事起疑心。

sympathy

反义：antipathy

词组：

1. feel sympathy for / have sympathy with同情…..

2. be in (out of ) sympathy with赞同(不赞同)…..

3. a letter of sympathy慰问信

练习：The nurse has the sick

A. sympathies for B. sympathy on C. sympathy with D. sympathies with

练习答案：选C。译文：护士很同情病人。本题既考名词的单复数形式又考固定搭配。sympathy 表示同情，赞同时，是不可数名词；sympathies 只用于one’ sympathies lies with 结构中，表示某人支持/同情…..;have sympathy with 为固定搭配。

派生：

1. sympathetic a.同情的，体谅的；赞同的；意气相投的，投机的：They are ~ to each other.他们互相很投机

2. sympathize v.同情，体谅；赞同，支持：~ with sb’s afflictions对某人的苦难表示同情。

synchronize

同义：concur

例句：Seven persons were killed and at least 36 injured in synchronized dawn attacks, when two explosive laden vans blew up at British army checkpoints near Londonderry, in the northwest, and Newly, in the south.这起同时发起的拂晓攻击，造成7个人死亡，至少36人受伤。当时两辆装满炸药的厢型车，分别在西北边的伦敦德里附近和南边纽里附近的英军检查站被引爆。

07.11.2

talk

谚语：Money~ s.金钱万能

同义：speak, discuss

词组：

1.~ back 回嘴，顶嘴；Don’t you dare ~ back to me like that !不许你这样放肆地与我顶嘴！

2.~ into说服….做…..;说得…..:He ~ ed me into giving up the plan .他说服我放弃那个计划

派生：talkative a.爱说话的，多嘴的。One drink and she became gay and ~ 一杯酒下肚，她变得神采飞扬，话也多了。

tame

同义：gentle, obedient, mild

反义：wild

练习：These pigeons are so that they will not fly away at the approach of people

A. wild B. domestic C. tame D. timid

练习答案：选C。译文：这些鸽子不怕人；在人们靠近时并不飞走。本题考查对句意的理解。wide 野生的；domestic家庭的；国内的；timid胆怯的

tedious

同义：tiresome, boring, dull

反义：interesting

练习：Some audience fall asleep while listening to his speech.

A. disinterested B. eloquent C. exhausted D. tedious

练习答案：选D。一些听众在听他那冗长的演讲时睡着了。本题考查对词义的理解，根据句意来判断。disinterested公正无私的，不偏不离的；eloquent雄辩的; exhausted感到筋疲力尽的。

派生：

1 tediously adv. 冗长得令人厌烦

2.tediousness n.烦人的，厌倦的

07.11.3

tend

同义：incline, help, nurse, look after

词组：

1. tend on /upon招待，服侍

2. tend to sth注意；留心

派生：tendency n.趋势，趋向。He’s always had a ~ to be fat,他总是容易发胖。

tender

同义：soft, delicate, gentle, offer, extend, present

反义：tough, rough, severe

词组：

1. tender sth .to sb.向某人指出

2. tender for sth 投标

3. at a tender age 年幼而未成熟的

派生：

1. tenderly adv. 易脆弱地，受伤害地

2. tenderness n.脆弱，柔软

tentative

同义：experimental, temporary

反义：final

练习：We’ve made plans for a holiday but haven’t decided anything certain yet

A. tentative B. hesitant C. definite D. temperate

练习答案：选A。译文：我们拟了暂定的度假计划，但还没作任何决定。本题考查对句意的理解，为词义辨析题。hesitant犹豫的；definite明确的；temperate节制的，适中的。

07.11.4

term

同义：semester, period, condition, expression, word, relation, position

词组：

1. in ~ s of 根据，按照；在…..方面，从….方面来说；用…..的话，用….的字眼（或措词）：These events are not to be explained in ~ s of what happened last week.不能按照上星期发生的情况来解释这些事件。

2. in the long / short term 从长远/眼前的观点看来

3. keep terms with sb.同某人交往

4. come to terms with 与…..妥协；与…..达成协议

testify

同义：prove, verify

反义：falsify v .证明…..是假的

练习：The teacher to the boy’s honesty

A. verified B. conformed C. clarified D. testified

练习答案：选D。译文：老师证明那男孩很诚实。本题是近义词辨析题，主要考动词与名词的搭配。verify证实；实验，为及物动词；conform to 与……一致，遵照；clarify澄清，弄清，可直接加宾语。

派生：testimony n.证据，证明；表明，说明.The jury listened carefully to his ~ 陪审团仔细听取他的证词

thrive

同义：flourish, prosper

辨析：flourish, prosper, thrive

1. flourish 意为繁荣，茂盛，处于繁盛时期。The crop flourished beside the river

2. prosper意为成功，昌盛，繁荣（be successful; do well）,尤指国家或个人兴旺发达。His team have always prospered in cup competitions

3. thrive意为兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长，常指生物健康地生长，或某事物变得更强壮。Lavender thrives in poor soil

反义：decline

谚语：He that will ~ must rise at five.五更起床，百事兴旺。If a good man ~ s , all ~ with him 好人富，大家富。

07.11.5

token

同义：symbol, sign, proof, keepsake

词组：

1. by the same ~由于同样原因，同样地；而且再说：Table tennis is easy to learn, and by the same ~, boys don’t need a lot of space to practice it .乒乓球容易学，而且男孩子们不需多大场地便可练球

2. in ~ of 作为…..樗（或象征）：My husband gave me a ring in ~ of our first meeting 为纪念我们初次见面，我丈夫送给我一只戒指。

练习：Please accept this gift in of our thanks for your help

A. sign B. symbol C. token D. honor

练习答案：选C。译文：请接受这一礼物，这是我们感谢你的帮助的一点微薄之意。本题是固定搭配。sign 和symbol 都可用来表示标志，符号，但不能用于in sign / symbol o f结构中；in honor of 为….表示敬意；为庆祝…..；为纪念…..

toss

同义：throw, cast, fling, pitch

词组：toss for sth .掷钱币以决定某事

练习：Let’s a coin to decide where to spend our holiday

A. throw B. toss C. hurl D. hoist

练习答案：选B。译文：让我们掷硬币来决定去哪儿度假。本题考固定搭配。toss(up) coin 表示掷硬币来决定，为固定搭配；throw扔，投；hurl投；猛掷；hoist升起；吊起

transform

同义：change, alter, convert

辨析:change, alter, vary, transform

1. change 强调人或物在本质上的改变或变化，使与原来完全不同或有明显的差异：In autumn, the leaves change from green to yellow.

2. alter变更，改动，改变，不是人或物在本质上的改变，着重强调经过局部或特殊方面的改变后，基本上保持原状：This shirt doesn’t fit me, so it must be altered in some way.

3. vary改变，变换，使有变化，强调没有一定规则，陆续的变化或差异：Houses vary in size

4. transform改变，改造，原义为改变形式，扩大到改变外貌，改变性质，现在一般指彻底改变性质，性格等：China will be transformed from a backward agricultural country into an advanced industrial country

反义：retain

派生：transformer n.改革者，促使变化的人或物；变压器

07.11.6

transmit

同义：send, pass, convey, carry

派生：transmission n.播送，发射；传送；传递；传染，传播。the ~ of a television program 电视节目的播送。/the ~ of knowledge知识的传授/the ~ of money by telegraph电汇钱款/the ~ of disease 疾病的传播

trend

同义：tendency

练习：The of the interest rate is still downwards

A. tend B. trend C. tide D. direction

练习答案：选B。译文：利率仍有下降趋势。本题是近义词辨析题。tend只用作动词；tide潮流；direction方向

派生：trendy a 时髦的，赶时髦的。 ~ clothes 时髦衣服/~ people 时髦人物

triumph n

同义：victory, success, achievement

辨析：triumph, victory

1. triumph 现常指借喻性的胜利：The Yangtze Bridge is a great triumph of modern civil engineering.长江现代土木建筑工程史上的一大成功之作

2. 指军事上的胜利用victory,不可用triumph: We won a decisive victory over the enemy我们对敌人取得了决定性的胜利

词性：v. 获胜，成功

反义：defeat, failure

派生：triumphant a.胜利的，成功的；得意洋洋的；a ~ army 得胜的军队

07.11.7

trivial

同义：petty, unimportant

反义：significant, important

练习：Why do you quarrel for such matters as weeping the floor or cleaning the dishes?

A. small B. trivial C. minor D. tiny

练习答案：选B。译文：你为什么要为扫地，洗碗之类的琐事而争吵呢？本题是近词辨析题。small和tiny只能表示体积大小，不能用来表示重要性大小；minor次要的，但并非毫不重要。

派生：trivia n.无关紧要的事物，细节或信息。

tune n

同义：melody, harmony

词性：v

词组：

1． be in tune with 与……和谐

2． be out of tune with 走调

3． be out of tune with 与……不和谐

4． tune in (to sth) 调谐，收听，例如：We always tune in at 7:00 p. m to hear the news 我们总在晚上7：00收听新闻

练习：You are to China Radio International

A. turned B. tuned C. adapted D. switched

练习答案：选B。译文：你收听的是中国国际广播电台。本题考固定搭配。be tuned to 收听，为固定搭配；be adapted to 以适应……

turbulent

同义：violent, disorderly, furious

派生：turbulence n.骚乱，动荡，混乱。 border~ 边境骚乱/social~社会动荡。

教材大纲	重点难点	例题习题
学习笔记	定理定义	报名参加辅导